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The main principle of photovoltaic power generation

Author: ComeFrom: Date:2022/8/20 15:26:56 Hits:193
The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When a photon shines on a metal, its energy can be fully absorbed by an electron in the metal, and the energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the coulomb force inside the metal atom and escape from the metal surface to become a photoelectron. Silicon atom has 4 outer electrons, if the pure silicon has 5 outer electrons such as phosphorus atom, it becomes N-type semiconductor; If pure silicon is mixed with atoms with three outer electrons, such as boron atoms, P-type semiconductors are formed. When the P-type and N-type are combined, the contact surface forms an electric potential difference and becomes a solar cell. When the sun shines on the P-N junction, the current flows from the P-type side to the N-type side, forming an electric current.
The photoelectric effect is an important and magical phenomenon in physics. Under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves higher than a certain frequency (the frequency is called the threshold frequency), the electrons inside some substances absorb energy and escape to form a current, that is, photoelectricity.
After casting, breaking, slicing and other procedures, polysilicon is made into silicon wafer to be processed. The P-N junction is formed by doping and diffusing trace amounts of boron and phosphorus on the silicon wafer. Then the screen printing is used, the fine silver paste is printed on the silicon chip to make a grid line, and after sintering, the back electrode is made at the same time, and the surface with a grid line is coated with a layer of anti-reflection coating, and the battery is thus made. The batteries are arranged and combined into battery components to form a large circuit board. Generally, aluminum frames are wrapped around the components, the front side is covered with glass, and the reverse side is installed with electrodes. With battery components and other auxiliary equipment, a power generation system can be formed. In order to convert direct current to alternating current, a current converter is required. After power generation, it can be stored by battery or input to the public grid. Battery components account for about 50% of the cost of the power generation system, and current converters, installation fees, other auxiliary components and other costs account for another 50%.






The above content is from Wikipedia.
Next:Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic power generation
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